on November 15th 113

A Complete Guide to the 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor

The 28BYJ-48 stepper motor is a compact and reliable motor used in everyday devices like cameras and DVD players. This article will guide you through its features, uses, and how it works.

Catalog

Introduction to 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor

The 28BYJ-48 stepper motor is a small, reliable motor used in many everyday devices. Its compact design and ability to rotate in precise steps make it perfect for tasks that need careful movement control. You’ll often see it in gadgets like DVD players, security cameras, or even small automated machines. The motor has four coils, each rated at 5 volts, which means it’s simple to connect and control using common microcontrollers. Because of its steady and controlled movements, it’s a great choice for projects where you want things to move in small, accurate increments.

28BYJ-48 Pin Configuration

No.	Pin Name	Wire Color	Description
1	Coil 1	Orange	This motor has a total of four coils. One end of all the coils is connected to +5V (red) wire and the other end of each coil is pulled out as wire colors Orange, Pink, Yellow, and Blue respectively.
2	Coil 2	Pink
3	Coil 3	Yellow
4	Coil 4	Blue
5	5V	Red	We should supply +5V to this wire; this voltage will appear across the coil that is grounded.

Features of 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor

Rated Voltage

The 28BYJ-48 stepper motor operates on a rated voltage of 5 VDC, making it compatible with most standard microcontroller setups. This low voltage requirement ensures it’s easy to integrate into various projects.

Number of Phases

This motor has four phases, allowing for precise control over its movements. Each phase can be energized in a sequence to achieve smooth and accurate steps.

Stride Angle

With a stride angle of 5.625°/64, the motor divides each rotation into very small steps. This high resolution makes it suitable for applications that need careful positioning.

Pull-In Torque

The motor provides a pull-in torque of 300 gf.cm, giving it enough strength to handle light mechanical loads while maintaining precision in its movements.

Insulated Power

The motor is designed to handle an insulated power of 600 VAC for 1 second at 1mA, adding to its durability and ensuring reliable operation under standard conditions.

Unipolar Coil Design

The motor uses a unipolar 5-lead coil configuration, simplifying the wiring process and making it easier to control with common driver circuits.

Applications of 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor

CNC Machines

The 28BYJ-48 stepper motor is often used in CNC machines where precise movements are necessary for tasks like engraving or cutting. Its accuracy makes it ideal for such applications.

Precise Control Machines

Devices requiring controlled, small-scale movements, such as 3D printers or automated calibration systems, benefit from the motor’s detailed step control.

Security Cameras

In security cameras, this motor is used to pan and tilt the camera for better coverage. Its precise stepping allows smooth transitions between viewing angles.

DVD Players

The motor is commonly found in DVD players, where it enables smooth and accurate disc positioning for reading and writing data.

Car Side Mirror Adjustment

In vehicles, the motor assists in tilting and adjusting side mirrors. Its ability to handle light loads and move in small steps makes it perfect for this task.

Where You Can Use the 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor

The 28BYJ-48 stepper motor is widely used in devices where precise movement is needed. You'll commonly find it in DVD players, motion cameras, and similar electronics. Its design, featuring a four-coil unipolar configuration and a step angle of 5.625°/64, allows for accurate control, making it ideal for applications requiring small, precise movements. However, since it operates on 5 volts, it's better suited for low-torque tasks. For projects needing higher torque, you might consider alternatives like the Nema17 motor.

Usage Guide for 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor

To make the 28BYJ-48 stepper motor work effectively, you’ll need a driver IC like the ULN2003. This is because the motor draws a considerable amount of current, which the driver helps manage safely. The motor has four coils, each connected to a specific wire: Orange, Pink, Yellow, and Blue. One end of all these coils is linked to a Red wire, which receives a constant +5V supply.

Motor Wire Color	Sequence to Rotate in clockwise Direction
Step 1	Step 2	Step 3	Step 4	Step 5	Step 6	Step 7	Step 8
Orange	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	0
Yellow	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	1
Pink	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1
Blue	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0
Red	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1

As shown in the table, the motor rotates when the coils are energized in a logical sequence. To energize a coil, one end is connected to +5V (via the Red wire), while the other end is grounded. When both ends of a coil are at +5V, it won’t activate because there is no voltage difference to energize it.

By controlling the sequence of grounding each coil, the motor takes precise steps. A microcontroller or digital circuit can be used to program this sequence, ensuring the motor moves smoothly. Following the correct pattern of energizing the coils is what makes the motor operate reliably.

28BYJ-48 Specifications

Technical specifications, features, characteristics, and components with comparable specifications of MikroElektronika 28BYJ-48

Type	Parameter
Factory Lead Time	4 Weeks
Mounting Hole Spacing	1.378" (35.00mm)
Coil Resistance	50 Ohm
Voltage Rated	5VDC
Series	28BYJ-48
Size / Dimension	Round - 1.100" Dia (28.00mm)
Part Status	Active
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	1 (Unlimited)
Termination	Wire Leads
Type	Permanent Magnet Gear Motor
Termination Style	Wire Leads with Connector
Coil Type	Unipolar
Step Angle	0.088°
Steps per Revolution	4096
Features	Flatted Shaft
Diameter - Shaft	0.197" (5.00mm)
Length - Shaft and Bearing	0.394" (10.00mm)

28BYJ-48 Packaging Details

About the Manufacturer of 28BYJ-48

The 28BYJ-48 is produced by MikroElektronika, a well-known company that creates tools and software for microcontroller development. They specialize in offering complete solutions that are easy to work with, especially for those working with microcontrollers like PIC, AVR, and STM32. MikroElektronika focuses on making their products accessible and practical, so they’re widely used by people designing everything from small electronics projects to more advanced systems. The company’s reputation for quality ensures that their components are reliable and easy to integrate into your projects.