Exploring the LIS3DH Accelerometer: Datasheet, Pinout, Functionality, and Block Diagram

The LIS3DH is a high-performance, ultra-low-power three-axis accelerometer designed for various applications, including consumer electronics, industrial automation, and healthcare. Its I2C/SPI digital interface and compact design offer precise acceleration measurement in three dimensions, making it ideal for motion detection and orientation sensing. This versatile sensor stands out for its power efficiency, embedded self-test features, and temperature sensor, ensuring reliable performance even in challenging environments. Whether in smartphones, wearable devices, or health monitoring systems, the LIS3DH enhances functionality and energy management, making it a key component in modern, energy-efficient designs.

Catalog

LIS3DH Overview

The LIS3DH stands out due to its deficient power consumption and sophisticated energy-saving features. This makes it an ideal choice for applications needing top-tier performance with minimal energy expenditure. It offers configurable full-scale ranges of ±2g, ±4g, ±8g, and ±16g, with output data rates from 1 Hz to 5.3 kHz, providing substantial versatility across different uses. Specifically, the self-test capabilities ensure system functionality, reinforcing reliability.

A notable characteristic of the LIS3DH is its ability to generate interrupts based on device positioning or inertial events, with defined thresholds and timing settings. This functionality allows applications to swiftly adapt to environmental changes, improving responsiveness. For example, healthcare gadgets might leverage these features for fall detection or movement monitoring, ensuring patient safety and accurate data collection. The programmability and sensitivity of the interrupt generation elevate the utility of the LIS3DH in such scenarios.

The integrated 32-level FIFO buffer minimizes the necessity for constant host processor activity, significantly conserving system resources. This is mostly beneficial when power efficiency is a priority, such as in wearable devices where extended battery life is a competitive advantage. By efficiently managing data storage and transfer, the LIS3DH optimizes overall system operations, prolonging the product's usable life without compromising performance. The LIS3DH’s compact LGA package design ensures effortless incorporation into a variety of devices while supporting stable operation across a temperature range of -40°C to +85°C. This durability makes it suitable for both consumer electronics and industrial applications, where extreme environmental conditions might prevail. For instance, in automotive systems, the capability to perform reliably under fluctuating temperatures is useful for maintaining performance consistency and upholding safety standards.

LIS3DH Pin Configuration

Pin#	Name	Function
1	Vdd_IO	Power supply for I/O pins
2	NC	Not connected
3	NC	Not connected
4	SCL	I²C serial clock (SCL)
	SPC	SPI serial port clock (SPC)
5	GND	0 V supply
6	SDA	I²C serial data (SDA)
	SDI	SPI serial data input (SDI)
	SDO	3-wire interface serial data output (SDO)
7	SDO	SPI serial data output (SDO)
	SA0	I²C less significant bit of the device address (SA0)
8	CS	SPI enable
		I²C/SPI mode selection:
		1: SPI idle mode / I²C communication enabled
		0: SPI communication mode / I²C disabled
9	INT2	Inertial interrupt 2
10	RES	Connect to GND
11	INT1	Inertial interrupt 1
12	GND	0 V supply
13	ADC3	Analog-to-digital converter input 3
14	Vdd	Power supply
15	ADC2	Analog-to-digital converter input 2
16	ADC1	Analog-to-digital converter input 1

LIS3DH CAD Details

Electrical Symbol

PCB Footprint

3D Model

Key Features of LIS3DH

Feature	Description
Wide Supply Voltage	1.71 V to 3.6 V
Independent IO Supply	1.8 V, supply voltage compatible
Ultra-low Power Mode Consumption	Down to 2 μA
Dynamically Selectable Full Scale	±2g/±4g/±8g/±16g
Digital Output Interface	I2C/SPI
Data Output Resolution	16-bit
Programmable Interrupt Generators	2 independent generators for free-fall and motion detection
Orientation Detection	6D/4D detection capability
Free-fall Detection	Supported
Motion Detection	Supported
Embedded Temperature Sensor	Integrated
Embedded Self-Test	Integrated
Embedded FIFO	32 levels of 16-bit data output FIFO
High Shock Survivability	10000 g
Environmental Compliance	ECOPACK®, RoHS, and "Green" compliant

Functional Capabilities of LIS3DH

The LIS3DH accelerometer features a diverse array of functionalities that make it highly versatile for various applications, especially in the world of mobile and portable devices. Its orientation detection feature is major for conserving energy and efficiently managing automated image positioning. This capability goes beyond simple screen rotation, and fine-tuning device behavior to minimize unnecessary power usage.

Orientation Detection and Energy Conservation

One of the most impressive features of the LIS3DH is its orientation detection. This function is invaluable not only for adjusting screen orientations but also for triggering different operational modes based on the device’s orientation. For instance, when a tablet is laid flat, the accelerometer can prompt the device to enter a low-power state, resulting in prolonged battery life.

Advanced Mode Capabilities

The LIS3DH offers both 4D and 6D modes. The 4D mode is designed to ignore the Z-axis during position detection, functioning effectively in scenarios where XY-plane orientation suffices. This mode can intelligently transition to low-power mode upon detecting certain predefined events (customizable by the through threshold and duration parameters).

Adaptive Power Management

The LIS3DH transitions to a low-power state when specific conditions are detected, and it returns to its normal or high-resolution operational mode seamlessly once these conditions are resolved. This is mainly useful in wearable devices, where balancing performance and power efficiency is dominant. For example, fitness trackers can deactivate high-resolution tracking during periods of inactivity, greatly extending battery life.

Efficient Data Handling

The LIS3DH supports a 32-level FIFO buffer, enabling various operational modes such as FIFO, Stream, Stream-to-FIFO, and FIFO Bypass. This advanced buffering ensures efficient data handling, significantly easing the processing load on the main processor. This leads to smoother and faster data processing, a basic aspect of applications like motion sensing in gaming controllers.

Technical Specifications

Type	Parameter
Lifecycle Status	PREVIEW (Last Updated: 8 months ago)
Mounting Type	Surface Mount
Package / Case	16-VFLGA
Surface Mount	Yes
Number of Pins	16
Packaging	Tray
JESD-609 Code	e4
Part Status	Obsolete
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	3 (168 Hours)
Number of Terminations	16
ECCN Code	EAR99
Type	Digital
Terminal Finish	Nickel/Gold (NI/AU) - Electrolytic
HTS Code	8542.39.00.01
Voltage - Supply	1.71V ~ 3.6V
Terminal Position	Bottom
Terminal Form	Butt
Peak Reflow Temperature (°C)	260°C
Number of Functions	1
Supply Voltage	2.5V
Terminal Pitch	0.5mm
Dimensions (L x W x H)	3mm x 3mm x 1mm
Time @ Peak Reflow Temp (Max)	30 seconds
Base Part Number	LIS3
Pin Count	16
Output Type	I2C, SPI
Operating Supply Voltage	2.5V
Interface	I2C, SPI
Operating Supply Current	11μA
Resolution	2 B
Sensor Type	3-Axis
Max Supply Voltage (DC)	3.6V
Min Supply Voltage (DC)	1.71V
Axis	X, Y, Z
Acceleration Range	±2g, 4g, 8g, 16g
Features	Adjustable Bandwidth, Selectable Scale, Temperature Sensor
Sensitivity (LSB/g)	1000 (±2g) ~ 83 (±16g)
Radiation Hardening	No
REACH SVHC	No SVHC
RoHS Status	ROHS3 Compliant
Lead Free	Yes

Block Diagram of LIS3DH

Alternatives to LIS3DH

Part Number	Description	Manufacturer
LIS3DE	MEMS digital output motion sensor ultra low-power high performance 3-axes "nano" accelerometer	STMicroelectronics
LIS3DETR	Digital 3-axis accelerometer, ultra-low-power, ±2g/4g/8g/16g full scale, high-speed I2C/SPI digital output, embedded FIFO, LLGA 16 3x3x1.0 package	STMicroelectronics
LIS3DHTR	3-axis MEMS accelerometer, ultra-low-power, ±2g/4g/8g/16g full scale, high-speed I2C/SPI digital output, embedded FIFO, high-performance acceleration sensor, LLGA 16 3x3x1.0 package	STMicroelectronics

Implementing LIS3DH

Core and I/O Requirements

For the LIS3DH to function properly, its core requires a Vdd line, and the I/O pads need Vdd_IO. Power supply decoupling capacitors, including a 100 nF ceramic and a 10 μF aluminum capacitor, must be located close to pin 14. Placing these capacitors strategically reduces noise and enhances stability. All voltage and ground supplies should be present simultaneously to ensure proper initialization and functionality of the device. Notably, Vdd can be removed while maintaining Vdd_IO to keep the communication bus active. This setup allows certain communication tasks to continue, although measurement capabilities will be disabled. In this state, the sensor effectively enters a low-power mode.

Interface Options and Flexibility

The LIS3DH supports both I2C and SPI interfaces. These interfaces provide flexibility based on system design and data throughput requirements, facilitating seamless data transfer and integration into various applications.

Programmable Interrupt Functions

The programmable interrupt functions include configurable thresholds and timing. This adaptability allows for custom-tailored operations, proving advantageous in applications like motion detection and gesture recognition, where precise and responsive interrupt mechanisms are desirable.

Handling Unused ADC Pins

The unused ADC1, ADC2, and ADC3 pins can be left floating or tied to Vdd or GND. This practice ensures there is no unnecessary power consumption or potential floating pin issues, maintaining system integrity.

Practical Applications of LIS3DH

Motion-Triggered Functions

The LIS3DH plays a major role in applications demanding precise motion detection. Its utility lies in activating devices or features upon detecting specific movements, such as launching a fitness application when you start running. The accelerometer's sensitivity ensures reliable performance within challenging environments. Its practicality is evident across various consumer electronics. It enables a seamless experience, reducing the reliance on manual operation.

Free-Fall Detection

A standout feature of the LIS3DH is its proficiency in detecting free-falls. This capability serves to protect delicate electronics from potential damage. For example, laptops and smartphones can automatically initiate protective measures upon sensing a fall, thereby mitigating impact forces. This technology safeguards personal gadgets and extends to industrial applications, securing costly and sensitive equipment.

Click/Double-Click Recognition

The LIS3DH enhances your device interactions with its ability to recognize click and double-click gestures. This functionality is mainly beneficial for wearable technology, where physical buttons are less practical. Smartwatches, for instance, employ accelerometer-based click recognition for more intuitive control, eliminating the need for additional hardware. This integration leads to more sophisticated and friendly interfaces.

Smart Power Management

Efficient power management is a significant application of the LIS3DH. By detecting whether a device is in use or stationary, the accelerometer plays a major role in extending battery life. This feature is immensely valuable in portable electronic devices that depend on prolonged battery performance. Implementing optimized power management techniques meets the demands of increasingly compact and powerful devices.

Pedometers

In the world of health and fitness technology, the LIS3DH is a core component for precise tracking of steps and movements. It is requisite in pedometers, providing you with reliable data to monitor physical activities. The accelerometer's capability to distinguish various types of motion ensures consistent and valuable fitness tracking data.

Display Orientation Adjustments

The LIS3DH is instrumental in managing display orientation by detecting device position and movement. This ability allows automatic screen adjustments for optimal viewing. Common in smartphones and tablets, this feature significantly enhances your experience while also supporting accessibility by adapting seamlessly to your needs.

Gaming and VR Inputs

The LIS3DH is requisite in gaming and virtual reality, providing accurate motion-based inputs. It enables immersive and intuitive gaming experiences by detecting tilt, rotation, and acceleration precisely. This technology bridges the gap between physical movement and digital response, enhancing player engagement and practicality in virtual environments.

Impact Detection

In various safety and security applications, the LIS3DH excels in impact detection. For instance, in the automotive industry, it can trigger airbags or other safety mechanisms upon sensing a collision. This application is a testament to the necessity for reliable and swift responses in critical situations, ultimately saving lives and reducing injury severity.

Vibration Monitoring

Vibration monitoring is another major application of the LIS3DH. It is active in maintaining machinery and structural health by detecting anomalous vibrations indicative of potential failures. This proactive approach proves beneficial across multiple industries, facilitating timely maintenance and reducing operational downtime. The LIS3DH ensures continuous operation and helps prevent costly breakdowns.

Package Information for LIS3DH

About STMicroelectronics

STMicroelectronics thrives as a premier global semiconductor company, excelling in the innovation, development, and distribution of advanced microelectronics solutions. Their leadership emanates from profound expertise in silicon technologies, rigorous manufacturing practices, extensive intellectual property portfolios, and strategic alliances. These facets strategically position STMicroelectronics at the forefront of advanced System-on-Chip (SoC) technologies, significantly driving the convergence trends in contemporary applications.

STMicroelectronics' journey spans decades, evolving from a traditional semiconductor manufacturer to a cutting-edge innovator in microelectronics. Their transformation emphasizes the industry’s shift towards more integrated solutions. Adaptability and foresight have cemented their pioneering position, with lessons from market demands and technological advancements shaping their path.

STMicroelectronics has refined its mastery of silicon technologies, forming the backbone of its innovation. Silicon semiconductors play a dominant role in crafting efficient and compact microelectronics solutions. Their technical prowess and market acumen are evident in their relentless pursuit of technological feasibility. This depth of knowledge continually propels them beyond current market standards.

Datasheet PDF

LIS3DH Datasheets:

LIS3DH Datasheet.pdf

LIS3DETR Datasheets:

LIS3DE.pdf

LIS3DHTR Datasheets:

LIS3DH Datasheet.pdf

Frequently Asked Questions [FAQ]

1. What is LIS3DH?

The LIS3DH is an ultra-low-power, high-performance three-axis linear accelerometer featuring a digital I2C/SPI interface. It’s crafted for precise motion detection and measurement in various applications, ranging from consumer electronics to industrial systems. This device stands out for its efficiency and adaptability, making it a favorite in many precise monitoring scenarios.

2. What is a 3-axis accelerometer?

A 3-axis accelerometer measures acceleration along three perpendicular axes (X, Y, and Z). This multidirectional capability allows for comprehensive motion sensing. It's useful in fields such as robotics, aerospace, and wearable technology. Tracking movement across all dimensions brings a depth of analysis that transforms simple data into actionable insights.

3. Can an accelerometer measure speed?

While accelerometers inherently measure acceleration, speed can be derived by integrating acceleration data over time. The practical application, however, necessitates careful calibration. This process must account for factors like sensor noise and drift to ensure accurate speed estimation. In contexts such as vehicular telemetry and gait analysis, this transition from raw data to meaningful speed metrics demands meticulous attention, reflecting the precision required in these fields.

4. How accurate is an accelerometer?

The accuracy of an accelerometer can vary significantly, influenced by its specifications and the context in which it’s used. High-accuracy accelerometers, such as those in medical devices or precise pedometers, can achieve measurement accuracy within ±1% for walking distance. This level of precision is often the outcome of rigorous testing and calibration processes, ensuring dependable performance in sensitive applications where every fraction matters.